Calprotectin is a protein found in white blood cells that is released into the stool during intestinal inflammation. Measuring fecal calprotectin provides a non‑invasive way to assess whether gut symptoms—such as diarrhea, abdominal pain, or bleeding—are caused by an inflammatory condition like Crohn’s disease or ulcerative colitis, rather than a non‑inflammatory disorder like irritable bowel syndrome.
The test can also be used to monitor disease activity or response to treatment in people with known IBD. Because calprotectin remains stable in stool for several days and is resistant to bacterial degradation, a single sample often gives a reliable picture of intestinal inflammation. Higher levels generally indicate more severe inflammation. However, the test cannot pinpoint the exact location or cause of inflammation, so results are interpreted alongside endoscopy and other investigations.