Leukotrienes are a family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid via the 5-lipoxygenase pathway. They are primarily produced by mast cells, eosinophils, and other leukocytes and play a central role in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, asthma, and other inflammatory conditions. Key leukotrienes include LTB4, a potent chemotactic agent for neutrophils, and the cysteinyl leukotrienes (LTC4, LTD4, LTE4), which cause bronchoconstriction, mucus secretion, and vascular permeability.
Clinically, leukotriene measurement is not a routine test; it is mainly used in research settings or specialized allergy and pulmonary evaluations. In some contexts, urinary LTE4 (LTE4 in urine, corrected for creatinine) serves as a biomarker of systemic leukotriene production and may be used to assess responses to leukotriene-modifying drugs or to investigate aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease. Because levels are highly dependent on the biological matrix, timing, and assay method, there is no universal reference range.