Calcium is the most abundant mineral in the human body, with about 99% stored in bones and teeth, providing structure and strength. The remaining 1% circulates in the blood and is tightly regulated because it is vital for muscle contraction, nerve signaling, heart rhythm, and blood clotting.
Because calcium plays so many critical roles, measuring the level in the blood can help assess overall health and detect a range of conditions. A calcium blood test is commonly ordered as part of a routine metabolic panel, or when symptoms suggest possible bone disease, kidney stones, parathyroid disorders, or abnormal muscle or nerve function.
The test usually measures total calcium, which includes both free (ionized) and protein-bound calcium. In some cases, ionized calcium is measured separately for a more precise picture.