Vitamin and mineral blood tests, including ferritin, vitamin B12, vitamin D, zinc and magnesium. Explore available tests with reference ranges and context for abnormal results.
Blood, immune, metabolic, hormone, and micronutrient markers are often searched in the context of chronic exhaustion. The surrounding illness logic matters.
What this category can do
Vitamin and mineral blood tests, including ferritin, vitamin B12, vitamin D, zinc and magnesium. Explore available tests with reference ranges and context for abnormal results.
Fatigue
Use the fatigue hub before over-interpreting individual fatigue-related values in isolation.
Open fatigue lab answersPEM
Symptoms that worsen after activity may point to a different logic than simple deficiency thinking.
Open PEM vs normal exhaustionQuestionnaires
Validated assessments help connect lab context to symptom burden and function.
Open questionnairesIf this category is not enough
A category page organizes markers, but many users are actually trying to answer broader questions about fatigue, PEM, pacing, or structured symptom documentation.
Questionnaires
Use validated assessments when a biomarker category alone is too narrow for the underlying question.
PEM
When symptoms worsen after activity, the timing pattern can matter more than a category label.
ME/CFS
Use the illness hub when reduced capacity, fatigue, or multisystem symptoms are part of the larger picture.
Adjacent categories
Calcium is a mineral essential for bone health, muscle and nerve function, and blood clotting. This blood test measures the amount of calcium in your bloodstream.
Reference: 8.5 - 10.5
Chloride is an essential electrolyte that helps maintain fluid balance, acid-base balance, and proper nerve and muscle function.
Reference: 98 - 106
Chromium is a trace element that enhances insulin action and plays a role in the metabolism of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
Reference: 0 - 0.5
Iron is an essential mineral that measures the amount of iron in your blood, crucial for oxygen transport and energy production.
Reference: 50 - 150
Albumin-adjusted calcium is a calculated value that corrects total blood calcium for albumin concentration, providing a more accurate assessment of biologically active calcium levels.
Reference: 8.5 - 10.5
Fluoride is a trace mineral important for tooth enamel and bone strength; blood levels reflect recent exposure and balance.
Reference: 0.02 - 0.1
Free copper is the fraction of copper in the blood that is not bound to ceruloplasmin. It is used primarily to diagnose and monitor Wilson's disease, a genetic disorder causing copper accumulation.
Reference: < 10 µg/dL (laborabhängig, indirekt berechnet)
Holotranscobalamin is the biologically active form of vitamin B12 in the blood that can be taken up by cells.
Reference: >35
Potassium is an essential mineral and electrolyte that helps regulate fluid balance, nerve signaling, and muscle contractions, including the heartbeat.
Reference: 3.5 - 5.1
Copper is an essential trace mineral measured in blood to assess nutritional status, liver function, and certain genetic disorders.
Reference: 70 - 140
A 24-hour urine copper test measures the amount of copper excreted in urine over a day, primarily used to diagnose and monitor Wilson disease.
Reference: <60
Magnesium is a vital mineral involved in over 300 biochemical reactions, including muscle and nerve function, blood pressure regulation, and energy production. A blood test measures the level of magnesium in your body.
Reference: 0.7 - 1.1
Manganese is an essential trace element important for bone formation, metabolism, and antioxidant defense.
Reference: 4 - 15
Methylmalonic acid (MMA) is a metabolic byproduct that accumulates when vitamin B12 is insufficient, serving as an early marker of functional B12 deficiency.
Reference: < 0,4 µmol/L (laborabhängig)
Sodium is an essential electrolyte and mineral that helps regulate fluid balance, blood pressure, and nerve and muscle function.
Reference: 135 - 145
Phosphate is a mineral essential for energy production, bone health, and cell function. The blood test measures phosphate levels to assess kidney function, bone metabolism, and electrolyte balance.
Reference: 2.5 - 4.5
Phosphorus (phosphate) is a mineral essential for bones, energy metabolism, and cell function. A blood test for phosphorus helps evaluate kidney function, nutritional status, and mineral balance.
Reference: 2.5 - 4.5
Selenium is an essential trace mineral measured in whole blood to assess nutritional status. It supports antioxidant defenses, thyroid hormone production, and immune function.
Reference: 120 - 160
Vitamin A is a fat-soluble vitamin measured as retinol in the blood. It is essential for vision, immune function, and skin health.
Reference: 0.3 - 0.8
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) is a water-soluble vitamin essential for nerve function, red blood cell formation, and DNA synthesis. This test measures the total amount of vitamin B12 in the blood.
Reference: 200 - 1000
Active Vitamin B12 (Holo-Transcobalamin) is the metabolically active fraction of vitamin B12 that is available for cellular uptake. This test helps detect functional B12 deficiency, even when total B12 levels appear normal.
Reference: 20 - 150
Vitamin B2 (riboflavin) is a water-soluble B vitamin essential for energy metabolism and cellular function. This test measures riboflavin levels in the blood to assess nutritional status.
Reference: 5 - 50
Vitamin B6, measured as pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP), is a coenzyme in over 100 enzymatic reactions, mainly amino acid metabolism. It is essential for neurotransmitter synthesis and immune function.
Reference: 5 - 50
Vitamin D3 (calcidiol) is the main storage form of vitamin D, reflecting sun exposure and dietary intake. This test assesses overall vitamin D status, which is vital for bone health, immune function, and calcium balance.
Reference: 30 - 80
Calcitriol is the hormonally active form of vitamin D that regulates calcium and phosphate metabolism, crucial for bone health.
Reference: 20–50 pg/mL (laborabhängig)
Zinc is an essential trace mineral important for immune function, wound healing, DNA synthesis, and cell growth. A blood test measures zinc levels to evaluate nutritional status or detect abnormalities.
Reference: 70 - 120
Ferritin, transferrin and transferrin saturation are commonly used, with serum iron added in some settings. Ferritin can also rise with inflammation, so context matters.
Depending on symptoms and risk factors, tests may include vitamin B12, folate, vitamin D, iron markers, magnesium and zinc. Broad testing without a clinical question is not always useful.
