An elevated CK-MB level above the reference range may suggest damage to cardiac muscle, as seen in acute myocardial infarction, myocarditis, or cardiac trauma. However, CK-MB can also be increased due to skeletal muscle injury, strenuous exercise, chronic kidney disease, or certain medications.
Because it is not heart-specific, high values should be interpreted alongside other clinical findings and cardiac markers like troponin. Typical upper reference limits are around 24 U/L (0.4 µkat/L) for activity assays, but thresholds vary between laboratories.