Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that helps convert creatine phosphate into adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of cells. CK is present in high concentrations in tissues with high energy demands, especially skeletal muscles, the heart, and the brain. There are three main isoenzymes: CK-MM (mainly skeletal muscle), CK-MB (mainly heart muscle), and CK-BB (brain and other tissues).
Measuring total CK in the blood can help detect muscle damage or disease. When muscle cells are injured, CK leaks into the bloodstream, making it a useful marker for conditions such as muscle trauma, rhabdomyolysis, muscular dystrophies, and myocardial infarction (heart attack). A CK test may be ordered when a patient presents with muscle weakness, pain, or dark urine (suggesting muscle breakdown), or to monitor certain drug therapies that can affect muscles.